Definition of Chunking in Language Acquisition

Meaning of Chunking in Language Acquisition In investigations of language obtaining, the term lump alludes to a few words that are usually utilized together in a fixed articulation, for example, as I would see it, to make a long story short, How right? or then again Know what I mean? Also known asâ language lump, lexical piece, praxon, figured discourse, equation based expression, predictable discourse, lexical pack, lexical expression, and collocation. Piece and lumping were presented as psychological terms by clinician George A. Mill operator in his paper The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information (1956). See Examples and Observationsâ below. Likewise, see: Lexical ApproachBinomialClichà ©Ã‚ and PlatitudeCompound NounIdiomLanguage AcquisitionListemePet PhrasePhrasePhrasal VerbSnowclone Models and Observations Here is one that escaped, and lived to tell the tale.(Red Riding: In the Year of Our Lord 1983, 2009)Oh, incidentally, hows the Florence Henderson look working for you?(Matthew Morrison as Will Schuester, The Power of Madonna. Merriment, 2010)Once upon a period, there was a stunning princess. Be that as it may, she had an endless supply of a frightful sort, which must be broken by cherishes first kiss.(Shrek, 2001)The just thing Junior Singleton peruses spread to cover is a matchbook.(The Red Green Show, 1991)It might be that over the enormity of room the Martians have watched the destiny of these pioneers of theirs and educated their exercise, and that on the planet Venus they have discovered a securer settlement. Nevertheless, for a long time yet there will surely be no unwinding of the excited investigation of the Martian plate, and those searing darts of the sky, the meteorites, will carry with them as they fall an unavoidable apprehension.(H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, 1898 )Do you know the expression turning point, buddy?I gestured. You didnt must be an English educator to realize that one; you didnt even must be proficient. It was one of those irritating semantic alternate ways that appear on satellite TV news appears, all day every day. Others incorporate come to an obvious conclusion and as of right now. The most irritating of all (I have denounced against it to my unmistakably exhausted understudies time and on numerous occasions) is the absolutely aimless a few people say, or numerous individuals believe.(Stephen King, 11/22/63. Scribner, 2011) Employments of Prefabricated Chunks-It appears that in the underlying phases of first language obtaining and characteristic second language securing we gain unanalysed pieces, yet that these slowly get separated into littler parts . . .The pre-assembled pieces are used in familiar yield, which, the same number of scientists from various conventions have noted, to a great extent relies upon programmed handling of put away units. As indicated by Erman and Warrens (2000) check, about portion of running content is secured by such intermittent units.(J. M. Sinclair and A. Mauranen, Linear Unit Grammar: Integrating Speech and Writing. John Benjamins, 2006)- If I discover a particularly well suited method of communicating a thought, I may hide away that manner of expression with the goal that whenever I need it will approach as a pre-assembled piece, despite the fact that to my listener it may not be discernable from recently produced discourse. This . . . sort of articulation, at that poin t, not exclusively is totally analyzable by the punctuation of the language however because of its straightforwardness has a double status for the speaker: It can be taken care of either as a solitary unit or as a perplexing development with interior structure (e.g., words can be embedded into or erased from the expression, or the syntactic structure can be changed as needed).(Ann M. Subsides, The Units of Language Acquisition. Cambridge University Press, 1983) Standard Phrases versus Exacting Expressions[T]he predictable expression has one of a kind properties: it is durable and unitary in structure (once in a while with abnormal syntactic structure), regularly nonliteral or degenerate in significance properties, and typically contains a nuanced implying that rises above the total of its (lexical) parts. The sanctioned type of the articulation (formuleme) is known to local speakers. This is to state that an equation based articulation works contrastingly in structure, which means, and use from a coordinated, exacting, novel, or propositional articulation (Lounsbury, 1963). It broke the ice, for instance, as an equation, varies with respect to significance portrayal, misuse of lexical things, status in language memory, and scope of potential uses, when contrasted with precisely the same arrangement of words as a novel expression.(Diana Van Lancker Sidtis, Formulaic and Novel Language in a Dual Process Model of Language Competence. Conventio nal Language, Vol. 2., ed. by Roberta Corrigan et al. John Benjamins, 2009)Criticism of the Lexical-Chunk ApproachMichael Swan, a British essayist on language teaching method, has risen as a conspicuous pundit of the lexical-piece approach. In spite of the fact that he recognizes, as he let me know in an email, that high-need pieces should be educated, he stresses that the new toy impact can imply that standard articulations get more consideration than they merit, and different parts of languageordinary jargon, sentence structure, elocution and skillsget sidelined.Swan additionally thinks that its unreasonable to expect that instructing lumps will deliver nativelike capability in language students. Local English speakers have tens or several thousandsestimates varyof these formulae at their order, he says. An understudy could learn 10 per day for quite a long time and still not approach local speaker competence.(Ben Zimmer, On Language: Chunking. The New York Times Magazine, Sep. 19 , 2010)

Job Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Set of working responsibilities - Essay Example The principle obligations in this activity incorporate evaluating and treating harmed athletes; keeping awake to-date with the most recent research in this training; and instructing and prompting competitors on counteraction methodologies (The Sport Science Resource para1). This activity additionally incorporates obligations, for example, helping with fundamental information in lashing, back rub, and reaction to serious games wounds to singular competitors and sports groups. It includes working for a wide scope of people and associations, for example, elite athletics groups, ball players, tennis players, golf players, and school/schools sports programs among others. This activity is alluring in various manners, especially the pay. It is one of the most generously compensated employments in the nation. The profit of a games medication specialist much relies upon the athletic program of the business. It is assessed that a middle compensation of a games medication specialist is somewhere in the range of $172,000 and $397,000 every year (American College of Sports Medicine 4). Aside from drawing in amazing pay, Sports Medicine is an occupation whose excursion has hardly any examinations. These income are regularly joined by different advantages, for example, protections, inability plans, retirement benefits, and rewards. Considering the difficult work included and high profit in sports, almost certainly, proficient competitors and sports groups go for costly excursions in very good quality goals. While in this excursion, they normally go along with their games medication specialists. Additionally, preparing can take them to various goals which may b end over as get-away. Regularly, the businesses, who can be people or sports groups, provide food for the movement costs. Also, the field of sports medication offers its experts an extraordinary open door for headways (The Sport Science Resource para2). As a games medication specialist acquires understanding and preparing, the person in question is probably going to progress further as far as profession and profit. Like most callings, it has

Systems and Light

Systems and Light [By Miren Bamforth 15] On behalf of the four other freshmen and two other ARTalk bloggers in 21M.A12 (Arts at MIT), I would like to state something: our advising seminar might be one of the coolest classes ever. Each week we spend the first hour or so of class learning about different facets of art here at MIT, followed by some casual chitchat about how classes and activities are going. Some of our most recent artistic endeavors have included sitting in on Senior Lecturer Anna Kohlers Acting with the Camera (21M.624) class and taking a tour of MITs public art collection. This week, we went to the MIT List Visual Arts Center to see Otto Pienes Litchballett and the Hans Haacke 1967 exhibit. We went to Litchballett (literally, light ballet in German) first. The exhibit is in a completely dark room except for the moving and flickering light coming from the pieces themselves. Originally, music composed by the artist accompanied the patterns of light, but this exhibit is silent. As soon as you step inside, you see this glowing ball of lights called Electric Rose. Electric Rose in black and white. Photo Credit: listart.mit.edu. The 171 light bulbswhich are all orange except for one glow in a certain sequence: the singular purple bulb first, then the upper hemisphere, then the lower hemisphere, then all of them. The calm, hypnotizing pattern of the switching colors draws onlookers into the piece. I found myself staring intently at the soft light for a while, even though, after a few cycles, I knew which phase of the sequence would be coming next. For a piece of machinery that is very different from stereotypical contemporary art (i.e. a painting hanging on a museum wall), it was quite beautiful. But lets move on. Inside the main room of the exhibit, there are half a dozen or so pieces. Inside each piece are different light bulbs which light up at different times to make myriad moving patterns on the walls. Hence, the Light Ballet is created. Like this, but the patterns are moving. Photo Credit: RP-Online.de My favorite pieces were the cube pictured above and these neat concentric circles of dots in the wall. Multiple light bulbs rotated behind the circular pattern to create this piece of the ballet. We werent allowed to take photos, so besides the above Google images I have nothing to show you guys. However, this gives you even more incentive to check out the exhibit and see Lichtballett for yourself! It runs from October 21st to December 31st of this year. The other exhibit that List is currently showing is entitled Hans Haacke 1967 because it is a recreation of an art show that Hans Haacke held at MIT in 1967. To quote the little booklet that I picked up at List: Haacke rejects the name sculpture for his works. He calls them systems Haacke deliberately designs his systems to evolve in time and be affected by time. Changes are desired and are part of the program. Because of Haackes interest in systems, his creates art which captures these systems by containing or framing them in little bundles. One of his pieces, Condensation Cube, is comprised of water and condensation inside of a plexiglass cube. Here, Haacke captures the natural system of water which self regulates; it changes from droplets to condensation inside the cube based on the heat in the room. So, in a way, the viewer does interact with the exhibit since they input extra heat into the system, but the water self regulates on its own. Science + art = condensation cube. Photo Credit: c4gallery.com Pretty much all of the exhibit has to do with the ways in which forces of nature are systems. The pieces are mostly comprised of wind, water, and grass. This is how the exhibit looked in 1967. Photo Credit: listart.mit.edu Since the current exhibit is based off of the original exhibit, Hans Haacke 1967 looks quite similar to the above photo. The balloon hovering in the foreground of the photo is still there, as is the moving sheet and the ice pillar in the background. Once again, go to the exhibit to see for yourself! (It also runs from October 21st to December 31st.) Throughout his career, Haackes theory of systems developed from those of natural systems to political systems and social systems. For example, he has a piece in the Reichstag building in Germany which was restored in the 90s once the Berlin Wall came down. The MIT exhibit does focus primarily on his earlier work, so I would recommend looking up some of his more recent pieces if you interested in finding out about the other types of systems. The final part of the exhibit is a separate room where some photos of Haackes work are hung. Some of the pictures are of work that Haacke did at his studio, but there are also pictures of the ruckus he caused on campus back in 1967. Haacke decided that he would do a line drawing in the sky with a bunch of balloons. . Release all of the balloons!!! Photo: mondoblogo.com This picture is from a line drawing with balloons that Haacke did in Central Park in NYC in 1967 (the same year he did it at MIT). It is called Sky Line. Essentially, the MIT version of this consisted of releasing a lot of balloons from the roofs of the main campus buildings. There is an extraordinary picture in the List gallery which shows the balloons slowly rising above the Great Dome on a particularly clear day. I dont know how much Haacke knew about MIT culture, but it is almost as if he pulled off his own artistic hack from the rooftops. Good job, Haacke! Also, Haacke has a sense of humor. Some of the photos in the gallery are purposely hung askew. This makes the OCD part of me scream a little bit inside, but Haacke is just messing with all the precise MIT engineers who are going to come and see his exhibit and feel the need to tilt his pictures back into place. Boy, it was bothersomebut it was still funny to see all of the other people in the room squirm a little about it as well. This concludes installment #2 of The Cool Things 21M.A12 Does. Good luck to all you EA applicants! I was in your position a year ago, and I found that it was best not to let the college process take over your life. Remember to spend time with your friends (or maybe looking at some art? [/shameless ARTalk plug]) so that you arent too stressed out. And, if your path happens to lead you to MIT next year, consider taking Arts at MIT!

The Civil Rights Act and the South - 2391 Words

The great Afro-American sociologist W.E. B. Du Bois stated in 1903 that the â€Å"problem of the â€Å"problem of the twentieth-century is the problem of the color line† and global view by describing the problem as â€Å"the relation of the darker to lighter races of men in Asia and Africa, in America and the islands by the sea†. Yet even an observer as perspicacious as Du Bois did not foresee late-twentieth-century American demographic and policy changes. Continuing high immigration, discrimination, and officially designated affirmative-action minority groups will ensure that if the twentieth century has the problem of the color line, the twenty-first will have the problem of color lines. In 1964, Congress passed and President Lyndon Johnson proudly signed the Civil Rights Act. The law was intended to prevent discrimination in a assortment of spheres of life, including public accommodations (Title II), instructions and programs receiving federal funds (Title VI), and most controversially, private employment (Title VII). Though each of these titles included broad injunctions of discrimination of the bases of race, national origin, and belief (Title V11 also included sex discrimination), the overwhelming focus of discussion was the problem of discrimination against Afro-Americans. The law does not overtly define discrimination, but it appears that most members of Congress had in mind a reasonable understanding of the term. Throughout the southern states, Euro-Americans predictedShow MoreRelatedMarch on Washington and Selma Compare and Contrasts1110 Words   |  5 Pageswas made during that time for the Civil Rights of all Americans. The two marches demonstrations involving large groups of people: a March on Washington D.C. and a March from Selma to Montgomery Alabama to gain color equality in the south. There are differences and similarities to consider. In many ways, the March on Washington was one of the most important parts of the civil rights movement. The focus of this march was to gain equality for Blacks in the South. Over 200,000 Blacks and Whites showedRead MoreThe Reconciliation of the North and South after the Civil War1186 Words   |  5 Pagespromised order and peace to the United States on August 20th, 1865, the Civil War was formally ended. Though the Confederates had been dominated, there was still a battle to preserve the Southern lifestyle against the impeding Northern republican ideals. President Lincoln had plans to peacefully restore the country to the Union it was prior to the war, but his assassination created set-backs to his plan. While both the North and the South were working toward reconciliation in the nation, the north was moreRead MoreReconstruction And The Rights Of Former Slaves. In The998 Words   |  4 PagesReconstruction and the Rights of Former Slaves In the 1860s the United States was a nation that had been ripped apart by the Civil War and left in torn pieces. The war left many white southerners stripped of their slaves, land, and in destroyed towns with little to eat. The only people worse off than the white southerners at this point in history were the black southerners who had nothing to their names but the freedom they had recently been granted which left them penniless and searching for aRead MoreSignificance Of The Reconstruction Act861 Words   |  4 Pages Reconstruction Acts – after the civil war four bills were passed by the United States Congress in 1867 in order to bring the country back together, providing the process and criteria that would allow the Southern states with the exception Tennessee, readmission into the Union. (Ohio Civil War Central, 2015) The significance of the Reconstruction act was the division of the south into five military districts; loyal freed male now allowed to vote, ex-confederate denied rights to hold office couldRead MoreThe End Of The Civil War1577 Words   |  7 PagesAfter the end of the Civil War, the most challenging, and equally important task for the federal government of the US was to reconstruct the defeated South and establish equality for the African Americans. A highly debated and crucial topic in this time period was the rights of the free black men to vote. â€Å"The goal of Reconstruction was to readmit the South on terms that were acceptable to the North –full political and civil equality for blacks and a denial of the political rights of whites who wereRead MoreThe Civil War1295 Words   |  6 PagesIt is quite obvious that there were many goals to achieve during the Civil War. But discovering the true meaning and vision of the Civil War is the concept that is still researched t oday by the people of America. In the prologue of Blight’s Race and Reunion he states: (Three overall visions of the Civil War memory collided and combined over time: one, the reconciliationist vision †¦ two, the white supremacist vision †¦ and three, the emancipationist vision†¦) All three of these visions are extremelyRead MoreFrom the beginning of the Civil War all the way up to the end of Reconstruction, the United States800 Words   |  4 PagesFrom the beginning of the Civil War all the way up to the end of Reconstruction, the United States endured a similar type of revolution than it had dealt with in the previous years. In this time, many social and constitutional advancements brought about great change and discord in the country. However, some of these constitutional developments ended up causing conflict such as the civil rights bills and Emancipation Proclamation, in addition to the social developments such as the Black Codes, KuRead MoreThe History of Unequal Treatment in the United States Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the slaves had no rights. This was going against the U.S. Constitutions ideals of â€Å"all men created equal†. When slave families were sold they often were separated. Back then slaves couldn’t testify against those who treated them with cruelty. They were also not permitted to buy their freedom in most cases. Many whites found the slavery of blacks being legal appalling. Most of them took part in an antislavery campaign that was responsible for the American Civil War’s beginning. WhenRead MoreCivil Rights: The Most Pressing Domestic Issue for the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations994 Words   |  4 PagesCivil rights was the most pressing domestic issue by far for the Kennedy and Johnson administrations in 1961-65, although initially John F. Kennedy was extremely slow and reluctant to intervene in the South for fear of alienating white voters in that region from the Democratic Party. Even so, when forced to take sides during the Freedom Rides of 1961, the integration fights at the University of Mississippi in 1962 and the University of Alabama the next year, Kennedy chose to support the side of integrationRead MoreSlavery as the Cause of the American Civil War Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Civil War was the bloodiest military conflict in American histo ry leaving over 500 thousand dead and over 300 thousand wounded (Roark 543-543). One might ask, what caused such internal tension within the most powerful nation in the world? During the nineteenth century, America was an infant nation, but toppling the entire world with its social, political, and economic innovations. In addition, immigrants were migrating from their native land to live the American dream (Roark 405-407)

Improving The Youths Education - 1079 Words

Improving the youths’ education There is nothing more important than the youth of America. For me there is nothing more important than my children’s education. For me I would do whatever is necessary for them to succeed. I have chosen this topic on the fact that I think it would benefit my children and the millions of other children in the world, not to mention the parents as well. When children have a five day school week it’s not only is it stressful for them, it’s just as stressful for the parents. Our children are at school for a total of thirty-five hours a week that breaks down to seven hours, every day for five days a week. Having an extra day to decide to relax or just take time to be a kid would greatly benefit children in†¦show more content†¦The financial savings to districts that jump on the four-days-per-week bandwagon can be tremendous, regardless of the size of the district. However, there are other benefits that serve as motivatio n for adopting this new educational structure.†(Bradley) Bradley makes a great point. These benefits would be great for every school. A few schools around the United State have been 4 days, for about 40 years. That’s a new fact for me. There are around 17 states, which have some district participant in the four day week. There are some districts from Kansas doing the four days. Close for my children, just not close enough. According to Sciencedaily.com the four day school week has a positive effect on the elementary school students. â€Å"The study suggests there is little evidence that moving to a four-day week compromises student academic achievement, an important finding for U.S. school districts seeking ways to cut costs without hampering student achievement.† (Georgia State University). This also helps with saving the school funding, where they aren’t trying to find where they can cut money and take it from one of the most vital thing today, our child ren’s education. This should be one place that’s off limits when it comes to budget cuts. The study presented that math and reading scores improved. Math scores improved by seven points, and reading scores improved by three points. One of the major benefits for school

Gay community Free Essays

string(100) " group publications in Europe and America in ass of which Terrine, Sammie, and Dost were prominent\." But the same has never been accepted in any society of the world even though there are traces of such reactive that goes on off the curtain including India. Sherry Joseph through his study made an attempt to understand the Indian Gay and Lesbian movement through the wider perspectives of identity politics. In an era of gay and lesbian normalization, the homosexual immigrants of Indian subcontinent demanded in Britain and America: An agenda within a racist climate different from the agenda imposed by white gays and lesbians. We will write a custom essay sample on Gay community or any similar topic only for you Order Now The impact of colonial history and concepts of orientation upon world- views and perceptions has played a central role in how non white people have been defined†¦ Silenced in both south Asian patriarchal societies and the white gay communities in America and Europe, the south Asian gays and lesbians have had to invent themes, often with new terms of identification (2228). The identification of one†s sexual behavior is again the product of the western ideology as the entire West rests on Christian values as their prime ideological moorings. In post colonial era scholars of the empire began to deliberate on a new terminology that can be conveniently used to identify people not preferring to be heterosexual. Thus came, the term alternate sexualities mainly as â€Å"an attempt to colonize the general notion and establish the existence of various expressions of sexualities surrounding scriptures, arts, life histories etc. â€Å"sheep: 2229). VOLVO. 1, ISSUE 5, JUNE 2014 www. Manipulability. Mom 41 Even with such terms the real scenario of gays and lesbians in India is that they continue to be a band of ostracizes group, socially excluded, and are subjected to homophobia. Attain is more concerned with the contemptuous view of the society upon the homosexuals what brought them down as a minority with a degradingly low social respect. He attempts to undo, if not legally approve, mainly homophobia, a ERM that refers to unreasonable fear of the gays or lesbians. A subjectivity of human beings is again centered with an appeal to all that they may in every way be treated as human being the way the third wave of feminism vouch for treating women not as a gendered identity, instead they should be looked at and thought of as human beings first . A change of attitude is the central focus. It†s a fact that the majority of people in any given society are heterosexual and the identity is based on the penetrate heterosexuality. Naturally, people with same sex behavior are not only a minority, but also practice of such is a taboo, inasmuch as the Judder- Christian values and beliefs held that non-procreative sexual acts were a sin against nature and consequently frowned upon in the culture. This value system shaped the legal binding on sodomy’s as a criminal offence as seen in the Indian Penal Code (EPIC) Joseph: 2228). The entire world is still in a suspended state as to its stand on validating gay marriages on moral grounds and value system. The values also has undergone change over the years especially, after the postmodern scenario of anti essentialist and anti foundational. Gay and lesbian movement all over the world as caught the attention of people in general into thinking on the issue seriously. President and Founder of the Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry, Matt Slick feels his concern to write on the subject as: Homosexuals want others in society to accept them as normal people with normal sexual behavior patterns. They are working hard to change moral, social, and political opinion to be more in line with what they want. They are not content to be by themselves. They want others to accept them as a philosophically, morally, and ideologically valid. They want to change the opinions of people. In short, they want to change society. Therefore, it is necessary to write about something that can so drastically affect the moral fabric of this country (Matt Slick. CARR). Attain also has felt the same concern for Indian homosexuals. Scriptural truth is a permanent reality, yet values keep changing over time with the multifarious development of the world in an ever changing world of ours. Further, Attain is Justified in his handling the controversial issues openly in drama as in the West the Journal like Human Events has Justified the cause that: If we are on the right side of one of the greatest social, oral and spiritual issues of our time, then we need to dig deep, hold our ground, strengthen our commitment and redouble our efforts, regardless of cost or consequence on an almost daily basis, the mainstream media assures us of two things: Just as many conservatives and VOLVO. ISSUE 6 42 traditionalists were on the wrong side of slavery, segregation and women†s rights, we are on the wrong side of the gay rights issue today†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ( Traditional Osteoarthritis Values) Indian gay and lesbian movement gained ground during ass onward and they have common goals of opting for same sex marital relationship or like a living- gather like any other heterosexuals. Both of the communities might be disapproved by the general Indian mass, yet they differ in terms of th e power relation they occupy or the space they could create for themselves. Certainly, gays have greater dominance since they belong to masculine gender and India is always a male dominant society. Indian lesbians in the ass were part of the feminist movement but later on the tie is snapped off for the same reason of societal disapproval and homophobia. The active lesbian group like Khakis† in Bombay was initially a part of he feminist movement group, but later on it stopped receiving any communication or cooperation from the later. So, rightly lesbianism deserved its legitimate place in Indian society given the age old injustice to Indian women. The present status of Indian gay and lesbian groups are rooted to the emergence of south Asian gay and lesbian group publications in Europe and America in ass of which Terrine, Sammie, and Dost were prominent. You read "Gay community" in category "Papers" Whereas, at present only three groups in three metro cities like Bombay, Madras and Delhi are functional with least number of lesbians or women activists in them. Naturally, the lesbian women stand doubly marginal’s, first by being women and then by being lesbians. Some of them may still be viewed as the marginal’s of the marginal’s who have been forced to be isolated -turned lesbians for being subjected to marital torture, dowry related oppression, sexual violence and so on. Thus, their sexual identification as lesbians is the result of their series of normalization and a shift of political consciousness. The gross normalization of the gay and lesbian community occurs from the dichotomy of home sexuality and heterosexuality. The policy of domination by the majority to minority, or by the powerful to the powerless has been as old as subjecting Eve to eat the forbidden fruit by Adam and thereby bring the hubris upon the earth. Such prominent dichotomies are black and White races in America, immigrants and natives in Europe and the US, male/female and so on. Even among women, there are black and white women in the US, upper and lower caste women in India, and other common distinctions are based on class, race community all over the the world. The third wave of feminism has some common causality with the gay-lesbian movement. Women are looked as stereotypical image as wife or as a shadow to a an. Singletons is not accepted as normal in India. Such situation forces women to go for a marriage of convenience as the case happens in the Do the Needful where Lata and Lapels accepts marriage to maintain the status quo and later on they use the liberty to pursue their own choices . The gay movement†s claim of getting fair and equitable treatment as citizens of India is quite tenable and in unison VOLVO. 1 with the article 38(1) of the directive principles of state policies of the constitution of India that states : â€Å"The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which Justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life†( Directive Principles of State Policy) . Drama functions as an intellectual sap to the society mirroring the actual happenings on stage and this particular drama has shown the exact picture of the functioning of all gay people in India. It has helped creating more tolerance and space for them than it was before. Now it†s common that the gays and lesbians come together from across the country to show their solidarity and a sense f belongingness as a community by lending all possible supports for one another. Currently, India is on a path of new social and economic reformation of which class consciousness is replacing caste. Similarly, dominant social groups and structures based on tradition is giving way to differentiations which is again supported by its own discourse in a post modern setting that goes against any fundamental essentialist. On a Muggy Night in Iambi shows the intensity of gay love. The depth of experience is communicated through the stage setting in which the combination of the silhouette and the indoor present an outline of the condition of Indian gay people as a whole to the audience. One of the prominent techniques of Attain is to create the dramatic tension which highlights the depth and breadth of not only a character but also engages the readers ‘audience into their own attitudinal turmoil to the reality of human experience. Individual talent and dramatic techniques help spinning a mindset of people toward more acceptances through a slow process of evolution. It is slow because the impact reverberates into the minds of an audience and the same helps consolidate their rational approach to the vexed issue to be translated into acceptance. Attain†s themes are traditional Indian society and its design is to impact upon the gay, lesbian and on any one who is opposed to heterosexual as defined by society. The play is a realistic picture of society as to how does it affect an individual behavior when one is denied any self expression and hypocrisy is upheld for the sake of tradition. This leads to the visualization of the character against social expectations and the same question Shard in On a Muggy Night in Iambi is haunted by as the national anthem, not as the celebrated Jan Gang, Man†, but as what Makes A Man A Man† (Collected Play: 55). This question teems from his quest for existentialist and as important as the national anthem. Samples is engaged with a love of convenience or sham- love for Samples who only makes an attempt of love, but his heart is engaged somewhere else what evokes Shard†s laments: â€Å"l wasted a year of my life being a house wife for you and all I get is a kick in the ass! You beast (56)! Shard discovered that Samples was in love with Parka’s, but he too was a wounded lover, for Parka’s was more afraid of being banished by the society and hence, distanced himself. Shard loved Samples truly as he put on sinner†(vermilion) like traditional women ND wore bangles what he broke at a height of emotion, for what he found is now lost because of Parka’s. Shard helped him forget his lost-love with Parka’s but hardly could he do that as Parka’s kept cropping up to his mind painfully. Shard could not conceal his frustration of unrequited love with Samples to Deeply†s catalytic remarks that they must be back to terms of their love -relations: â€Å"If I had a lover, would I be such a bitchy? † Immediately, Deeply gets back to her natural sense of empathy for the female species saying that: Mimi can call yourself a dog, call yourself a pig, but never, ever insult a female† (59). Shard, while suggesting the guard to be shameless, accepts that the gay people are all shameless, but this comes as his deep protest against such societal taboo upon them. Deeply is more of a flat character as she does not undergo any complex changes of life and performs more like filler, yet she is dynamic in her response to a conflicting situation which is expressive of her internal dialogues, put forward as external dialogues and reactions at various points in the dramatic narrative. That†s the reason that she retorts to the example of a bitchy. She o becomes more revelatory in her plea for an acceptance for gay people. Hence, she as with Shard stands between the two categories of round and flat characters in its literary sense; or rather they are an admixture of these two and hence may be labeled as catalytic character, who help manifest the main or dynamic characters like Samples or Deed/Parka’s. She pleads for the gay men†s cause more than her own category of lesbians: â€Å"l am for gay men†s cause. Men deserve only men! (60). A distinct psychological mooring upon which one†s sexual behavior rests upon is set by the dominant discourse of any society. Attain sets a discourse through everyday language and out-on -the- street characters through distinct mode of sexism. For example, Deeply and Samples never feel any love for each other in a sense of love- making. It†s made clear when Deeply expresses that if Samples were a woman, they could be in a love and the same is reciprocated in opposite terms and finally Deeply asserts: â€Å"If we were heterosexuals, we would be married† (65). Deeply feels proud of being a woman: â€Å"Every time I menstruate, I thank God I am a woman†, the same word are suggested in a different way by Shard to register his contempt for all those who en any space for gay or lesbians: â€Å"Every time I menstruate, I thank God I am not pregnant† (66). Samples in the gathering of his gay and lesbian friends is obsessed with his lost love and separation with Parka’s and in turn he makes Shard†s life miserable. In other words, victim turns into victimizer. Parka’s, at the initial stage of the drama is a victim of social pressure what is made clear in the words of Samples himself: â€Å"He left me because he was ashamed of our relationship† (69). Samples was visiting a homophobic psychiatrist to get rid of his depression but the psychiatrist plunged him into a worse situation out of his own abomination of such gay people, for he believed only in aversion therapy which brought further depression to Samples as he VOLVO. 1 45 recalls: â€Å"Until he said I would never be happy as a gay man. It is impossible to change society, he said, but it may be possible for you to reorient yourself† (69). Arrant termed the doctor†s eccentric and homophobic view as primitive idea. In fact, the society is the great barrier what Attain†s dramatic technique and making of the characters unravel as an anti-venom against a venom of hatred for all these people who are trundling to be accepted as human beings and human dignity in the society. Bunny, the TV actor, too has experienced the same treatment of homophobia and non acceptance as gay. While all the gay friends assembled at Samples†s residence to sympathize with the tragedy of Samples, Sheehan music was pouring in. They show their antipathy by turning on CD player, for they are anguished as no such celebrations are solemnizes for them and hence, such rituals or music is, filthy hot air† (73) for them. Here, one contrast is shown: one marriage is going on with social gaiety amid colors and USIA down stairs and upstairs apartment is witnessing a break up of a gay marriage with the chanting of parallel mantra: â€Å"†¦ This city and God are witness to my vow , I break all ties with Parka’s†(73). Love for each other for these two friends is so strong that Samples could not tear up the Joint photograph with Parka’s symbolizing their conjugal relationship. From the episode of separation between these two friends begins the tragedy of Koran, a dear sister of Samples himself. She was introduced to Deed by Samples since four years. The gathering at Samples†s flat upstairs in Act l, is the hot bed of making ND breaking all gay relationship and the trauma they bear silently throughout their lives. Koran came to know for the first time in that gathering that her brother is being treated for depression. When she goes to the bedroom to unpack her belongings she is visible to the audience that she was placing a photograph on the side table indicating not only her knowledge of the relationship of her brother, but also as a powerful symbol of her ensuing tragic course of life. All the three Acts are three in one. Psychic turmoil of all the characters, their pleasure and pain, frustration and evolve against the society are balanced placing them in the silhouette and the front show of the stage setting. This Juxtaposition of interior and the exterior or the front and the back stage against each other is to create a deep impression on the audience† s mind as to the conflicts that goes in their consciousness, yet how they struggle to reconcile with the stern reality of society- a reality divorced from free expression and fair play. Samples the main character of the drama is brought in the Act II with brilliant dramatic technique in which he walks by Deed at the lonely park at round 8. 30 PM, yet not visible to the audience. He has throttled a few pegs to get rid of his depression and he divulges the fact of his coming to the park as to let someone know his story before he ends his life by committing suicide. Someone exactly listens to his story (history? ) who, in turn, is the exact cause of such wretched condition of life. Social paranoia is what troubled Deed as he was a little more reactive to people†s suspicion about his gay relationship with Parka’s that turned him into hyper vigilant against any social threat from any quarter. Samples struggles or visibility of such relationship against the blind sensibility of average people: â€Å"They can†t see us at all, although we can see them. They must be blind† (81). Then, Samples asks Deed to close his eyes, stand behind him and kiss gently to discover: â€Å"Can you see how beautiful we are† (82)? Through long pause and silence after this warmth of feeling of the two old lovers, fading light, slow music and then Samples†s appearance on front show of the stage to Join the gathering of his friends of Act I while the light reappears to create a sense of change of time and space, is a reliant technique of creating two distinct mental spaces into the minds of the audience: to recreate the subtlety of feelings of these two men off the glare of the everyday world in their minds and the dreary intercourse of the same world under the visibility of everyone in which hardly they could feel proud of and contented with what they are all about. Surreptitious orchestration of pause and silence, music, light are done to heighten their speed of the stream consciousness natural to all human beings. Social pressure is so enormous that Deed†s psychiatrist could convince him that is love is the work of a devil and through regular church going alone could absolve him of such devil. Samples also believes it and so he wants to avoid showing the photograph of their love making to his own sister, Koran, who is now going to be married with Deed. On the other hand Arrant, an European immigrant, is contrasted with his Indian counter parts of gay community. In Europe he has greater freedom of being honest to his sexual behavior but in India he might not expect the same degree of freedom: â€Å"There is such a thing as honesty. Or maybe it is the company you keep. Or maybe the company I am in† (88). Further Arrant is perturbed seeing closet homosexuals† in India and he regrets being an Indian on grounds of his vantage point of Western immigration. His statement to Bunny echoes the shifting subject of spirituality in Indian society: â€Å"l can†t seem to be both Indian and gay. But you are simply ashamed. All this sham is to cover up your shame (88). The hypocrisy of Indian society is again substantiated through Bunny†s character. He belongs to Sikh community, yet he avoids wearing a turban as he would be subjected to stereotypical role of being a Seaward . The characters are designed skillfully representing every type and category of India gay and lesbian people on stage in an effort to producing a gay ambiance within an hour or two to show what India is passing through presently. The real plight of this marginal’s community is made clear in exact terms through Deeply†s words that it is more fear of being ostracizes or a subject of homophobia than any stigma of shame attached to them. Basic human dignity is at stake for all these people in general. Being woman and lesbian is more pathetic in India when Deeply makes it pretty loud and clear: â€Å"It†s not shame, is it? With us? It†s fear†¦ Of the VOLVO. 1 47 corners we will be pushed into where we don†t want to be† (89). Attain†s effort has been to widen this corner of Indian society to make it at least as large as to accommodate these innocent Boniface citizens of a sovereign country, known for its age old tolerance and universal acceptance. Of course, India as a nation could be described in no better terms than the first address at the world parliament of religion at Chicago by Swami Vaccinated: â€Å"l am proud to belong to a nation which has sheltered the persecuted and the refugees of all religions and all nations of the earth† (Vaccinated: 3). Naturally, Attain has every reason as an artist to reinstate the glory of this great nation by upholding the cause of the marginal people toward greater tolerance and acceptance for all. Equally fluctuating is the condition of Shard†s mind after being broken from Samples. He too wants to force his way to be straight , to be a real man only to be accepted by the society, even though he knows deep down within himself that he is as gay as a goose† and seeks the advice of a psychiatrist only to invite a fresh misery in his life. Koran still thinks wishfully of a happy bond between her brother and Shard as she recalls her own life of solitude after divorce. She also warns about the gravity of misery a woman undergoes in this country Just because of male dominance. Shard†s decision to act like a straight might shatter a woman†s life: â€Å"And think of the poor woman. You may end up marrying Just as a cover up for your shame† (102). Bunny accepts that he is a gay man and keeps deceiving people through his constant denial and in the process all such gay people vacillates between the world of reality and the world of sham, finding no permanent anchor to embrace with fullness of heart. The last scene of Act Ill lays bare the absurdity of life of all the gay people on stage who are representative of entire gay community. Deed is the most pathetic character not only for Deeply, but also for every viewer or reader the way he has shattered the lives of Samples and Koran. He also could not remain immune to this wretched condition of life as a closure look and a psychological delving into his character reveals that he is more sinned against than sinning. His very purpose of marrying Koran was a matter of convenience so that he could continue his love for Samples without any suspicion from any one. Certainly, in the process he could save one life at the cost of the other and the other is a woman. Koran, while looking at the photograph of Deed and Samples kissing each other, cries out through the open window leading to the vacuous blue sky of Bombay. She must have felt the void of the sky more than anyone else who has not passed through the tormenting labyrinth of life like hers. She is that subaltern woman, conditioned to tolerate torture and untold suffering. She remembers her past life as to how she used to be beaten up by her husband ND still she continued to accept and digest all these as she believed and felt that he loved her: â€Å"l felt he loved me enough to want to hurt me† (107). She questions Deed†s motive of marrying her and the answer comes out as her dramatic monologue that all such gay people behave in a stereotypical manner VOLVO. 1 as â€Å"we Just don†t know what else to be† (107) ! The imagery of the photograph with Deed as the best couple on the floor that appears in her mind matches with the vacuous blue sky to condense the absurdity of her life. The explosion of fireworks, colored sights and loud screams of delight from the ground floor heightens the inner turmoil of a saddest thought, perhaps churning an existential dilemma in her mind. Deed in utter shame and disgust for life is completely broken down: â€Å"Where do I begin? How do I begin to live† (111)? All the characters on stage are suddenly plunged into existential dilemma in the world of uncertainty and absurdity of life. The height of the dilemma in the last scene is accentuated by more firecrackers and lusty yells from the wedding below. Lights are slowly fading to beckon the void while the pictures of Deed and Samples and Koran ND Samples are slowly evanescent from the minds of the audience before it is completely engulfed into darkness. The stage setting and delineation of the pathos of the characters, here, Just reminds one the most exact definition of short story by Arbitration Étagà ¨re: Simple events of life happy or sad, Some sad strings from the train of forgetfulness, Not fraught with heavy descriptions, Not crowded with events, No advice, no philosophy Only the feeling that the story is not yet over Although there is no more to read! (Bangladesh) Conclusion: The queer characters representing both the gays and lesbians of urban diddle class India undergo a tortuous Journey of visualization due to homophobia and social boycott of such people. Attain has been true to his calling as a dramatist to show their painful odyssey of modern India, yet how the issue escapes the thinking mass to be considered for an acceptance and a right place in the society. It†s rightly an odyssey as the victims at times turn into victimizers; thereby bringing upon them a series of miseries, little knowing what exactly ails them. The dramatist has won the heart of every one by bringing this cause of ailment, the whole truth of it, on stage with all sincerity of purpose. How to cite Gay community, Papers

The Accomplishments Of Harriet Tubman Essay Example For Students

The Accomplishments Of Harriet Tubman Essay The Accomplishments Of Harriet Tubman Essay Harriet Tubman was a black woman born into slavery. Harriet was an abolitionist and strongly believed that all slaves should be free. Harriet learned that her master had died and that she would be sold if she did not run away. At the age of twenty-five, Harriet left her plantation and was on the run to a free state (Harriet par 1). Harriet made her way ninety miles from Maryland to Philadelphia. We will write a custom essay on The Accomplishments Of Harriet Tubman specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There she began to work and make a living for herself. She decided that she was going to free other slaves so she began to make her journey back to the Southern states twice a year to free as many slaves as she could (Bentley 47-49). The Underground Railroad was how Harriet freed hundreds of slaves, including her aging parents. The Underground Railroad was a route that Harriet took to free the slaves. She would have covered wagons with fixed bottoms, which were filled with slaves. She would take them to various homes of other abolitionists for food and shelter throughout the night. Once day broke Harriet would continue her journey towards the free states (Smith par 1-2). When the government enacted the Fugitive Slave Law Harriet could not bring the slaves to Philadelphia anymore. They were no longer safe in any of the states and had to be brought to Canada for their freedom. This meant that Harriet had to extend the route of the Underground Railroad (Petry 132-133). Harriet was nicknamed Moses by her people. They believed that she was sent from God to free them. Throughout all her trips back and forth through the Underground Railroad, the reward for the capture of Harriet was up to $40,000. This made it even more difficult for Harriet to make it safely through the woods and trails, though she was never captured (Smith par 5-6). During the Civil War, Harriet Tubman became very prominent. She became a nurse, a scout, and a spy for the Union forces. As a nurse, Harriet found a root that helped cure the dysentery. Once again the soldiers began to call her Moses because she had saved many of their lives (Petry 220-224). While being involved in the Civil War, Harriet freed another seven hundred slaves. Harriet was said to be a well respected throughout the war. She received official commendations from many Union Army officials. Even though Harriet contributed a lot of time and hard work in the war efforts, she never received veterans benefits for any of of her painstaking work (Harriet par 3). Following the Civil War, Harriet returned to her home in Auburn, New York to live with her parents. Harriet helped Auburn remain a center for womans rights. In Auburn Harriet married and continued helping misfortunate people (Life par 14). She led the growth of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Harriets home in Auburn was used as a home for other blacks and elderly who were sick and were in need of assistance in their lives (Bentley 112). Harriet continued to tell reporters and writers about her journeys and her lifestyle. She would never leave a person wondering. She told all the reporters everything they wanted to know and never left anything out. By doing this she made a small profit for her home (Bentley 119). Sarah Bradford was a friend of Harriet who believed that her story was worth telling. Sarah decided to write Harriets biography and give all the proceeds to Harriet to help her finish paying off her mortgage so that the others living there could continue living there. The book made enough money to cover the mortgage and have some extra which Harriet gave to the town of Auburn (Bentley 118). By the time of her death, Harriet freed over a thousand slaves. She received a medal from the Queen of England, Queen Victoria (Bentley 119-120). .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c , .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c .postImageUrl , .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c , .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c:hover , .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c:visited , .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c:active { border:0!important; } .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c:active , .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u246c1fa62276c0cf1c814f0da752e04c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Cruelty Essay She also helped out her community a great deal by contributing funds to her town and by allowing sick and elder blacks stay in her home (Bentley 112). Harriet was buried in Fort Hill Cemetery in Auburn, New York with military honors. The federal government has honored her accomplishments when they decided to place her photo on a commemorative postage stamp. . The Accomplishments Of Harriet Tubman Essay Example For Students The Accomplishments Of Harriet Tubman Essay The Accomplishments Of Harriet Tubman Essay Harriet Tubman was a black woman born into slavery. Harriet was an abolitionist and strongly believed that all slaves should be free. Harriet learned that her master had died and that she would be sold if she did not run away. At the age of twenty-five, Harriet left her plantation and was on the run to a free state (Harriet par 1). Harriet made her way ninety miles from Maryland to Philadelphia. We will write a custom essay on The Accomplishments Of Harriet Tubman specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There she began to work and make a living for herself. She decided that she was going to free other slaves so she began to make her journey back to the Southern states twice a year to free as many slaves as she could (Bentley 47-49). The Underground Railroad was how Harriet freed hundreds of slaves, including her aging parents. The Underground Railroad was a route that Harriet took to free the slaves. She would have covered wagons with fixed bottoms, which were filled with slaves. She would take them to various homes of other abolitionists for food and shelter throughout the night. Once day broke Harriet would continue her journey towards the free states (Smith par 1-2). When the government enacted the Fugitive Slave Law Harriet could not bring the slaves to Philadelphia anymore. They were no longer safe in any of the states and had to be brought to Canada for their freedom. This meant that Harriet had to extend the route of the Underground Railroad (Petry 132-133). Harriet was nicknamed Moses by her people. They believed that she was sent from God to free them. Throughout all her trips back and forth through the Underground Railroad, the reward for the capture of Harriet was up to $40,000. This made it even more difficult for Harriet to make it safely through the woods and trails, though she was never captured (Smith par 5-6). During the Civil War, Harriet Tubman became very prominent. She became a nurse, a scout, and a spy for the Union forces. As a nurse, Harriet found a root that helped cure the dysentery. Once again the soldiers began to call her Moses because she had saved many of their lives (Petry 220-224). While being involved in the Civil War, Harriet freed another seven hundred slaves. Harriet was said to be a well respected throughout the war. She received official commendations from many Union Army officials. Even though Harriet contributed a lot of time and hard work in the war efforts, she never received veterans benefits for any of of her painstaking work (Harriet par 3). Following the Civil War, Harriet returned to her home in Auburn, New York to live with her parents. Harriet helped Auburn remain a center for womans rights. In Auburn Harriet married and continued helping misfortunate people (Life par 14). She led the growth of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Harriets home in Auburn was used as a home for other blacks and elderly who were sick and were in need of assistance in their lives (Bentley 112). Harriet continued to tell reporters and writers about her journeys and her lifestyle. She would never leave a person wondering. She told all the reporters everything they wanted to know and never left anything out. By doing this she made a small profit for her home (Bentley 119). Sarah Bradford was a friend of Harriet who believed that her story was worth telling. Sarah decided to write Harriets biography and give all the proceeds to Harriet to help her finish paying off her mortgage so that the others living there could continue living there. The book made enough money to cover the mortgage and have some extra which Harriet gave to the town of Auburn (Bentley 118). By the time of her death, Harriet freed over a thousand slaves. She received a medal from the Queen of England, Queen Victoria (Bentley 119-120). .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c , .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c .postImageUrl , .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c , .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c:hover , .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c:visited , .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c:active { border:0!important; } .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c:active , .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u596fd9e91cc3dec771f5deca73ba633c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Comparison of The Raven and The TellTale Heart Essay She also helped out her community a great deal by contributing funds to her town and by allowing sick and elder blacks stay in her home (Bentley 112). Harriet was buried in Fort Hill Cemetery in Auburn, New York with military honors. The federal government has honored her accomplishments when they decided to place her photo on a commemorative postage stamp. .